Unity之伤害检测

本文用于记录伤害检测，算是一套比较完整的伤害检测系统。人物有两个属性，一个是生命值、一个体力值，当体力值小于10时是格挡不了的。那么姑且开始写代码吧。

思路分析

首先我们需要做伤害判定——判断敌人是否受伤害，那就用Physics.SphereCast方法，角色往前一段距离进行一个碰撞检测，声明一个Transform变量currentEnemy = hit.collider.transform，用来保存敌人数据。如果检测到了，并且我们进行了攻击，就可以执行敌人受伤或是格挡的逻辑了。
在写逻辑前，我们可以优化一下，一般游戏都有锁敌机制。我们也写一套锁敌机制，锁敌机制判断条件有二，一是敌人和我们的距离小于1.3，二是敌人在我们前方60度的角度内可以索敌。距离判断很简单，直接Vector3.Distance().magnitude就可以了;角度判断用Vector3.Dot(this,transform.forwar,(currentenemy.transform.position - this.transform.position))，返回一个float值，当其大于根号3/2时可以索敌(点积的值等于cos角度值)。
接下来写核心逻辑，我们之前写过一套简单的技能编辑器(参考文章“Unity基础连招思路”)，也写过一套事件管理中心，我们把角色受击做成一个事件，当攻击时调用这个事件就好。事件传入参数：float damage,float enemy,string hitName,string parryName(伤害，体力值消耗、受伤动画、格挡动画);之后敌人只需要判断就好了。
在这个思路下，写的脚本大概是以下，中间我最先是跟着up鬼鬼鬼ii的视频做的，写的可能有点不一样，但大致思路都一样的，我自己写了个ExpandClass类，拓展了一些方法： 以下是综合内容，我把一些脚本写一起了，看起来比较乱，用Ctrl+F进行关键词搜索：伤害判定、能否锁敌、核心逻辑 
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using UnityEngine;

public class PlayerComboController : MonoBehaviour
{
    [SerializeField, Header("基础组合技")] private Combo baseCombo;
    [SerializeField, Header("变招表")] private Combo ChangeCombo;
    private Combo currentCombo;
    private Animator animator;
    private int comboIndex = 0;
    private int changeComboIndex = 0;
    private int currentIndex = 0;
    private bool canAttack = true;
    private float coldTime = 0f;
    /// <summary>
    /// 上面是连招逻辑的，接下来写相机
    /// </summary>
    [SerializeField, Header("检测球半径")] private float detectSphereRadius;
    [SerializeField,Header("检测最大距离")]private float detectSphereDistance;
    private Transform currentEnemy;
    private Transform _mainCamera;
    private Vector3 detectDir;
    private void Awake()
    {
        animator = GetComponent<Animator>();
        currentCombo = baseCombo;
        _mainCamera = Camera.main.transform;
        currentIndex = comboIndex;
    }

    private void Update()
    {
        ExcuteAttack();
        EndAttack();
        AttackExcute();
    }

    private void FixedUpdate()
    {
        DetectDirection();
    }

    // 核心逻辑
    private void AttackExcute()
    {
        if (currentEnemy == null) return;
        //检测范围不对，直接return
        // 能否索敌
        if (Vector3.Dot(this.transform.forward, ExpandClass.GetTargetVector3(this.transform, currentEnemy)) < 0.85f) return;
        if(ExpandClass.GetTargetVector3(this.transform,currentEnemy).magnitude > 1.3f) return;
        //说明已经攻击了，并且检测到敌人
        if(animator.AnimationAtTag("Attack"))
        {
            //先确定旋转
            Vector3 targetDir = ExpandClass.GetTargetVector3(this.transform, currentEnemy);
            Quaternion targetRotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(targetDir);
            transform.rotation = Quaternion.RotateTowards(this.transform.rotation,targetRotation,1000f);
            //之后调用事件，我们的逻辑都在这个事件里写
            GameEventManager.Instance().InvokeEvent<float, string, string, Transform, Transform>(
                "DamageTrigger",
                currentCombo.TryGetComboDamage(currentIndex),
                currentCombo.TryGetHitName(currentIndex, 0),
                currentCombo.TryGetParryName(currentIndex, 0),
                this.transform,
                currentEnemy
            );
            Debug.Log("AttackExcute被执行");
        }
    }
    // 伤害判定
    private void DetectDirection()
    {
        //判断检测方向
        detectDir = _mainCamera.transform.forward * GameInputManager.Instance().movement.y + _mainCamera.transform.right * GameInputManager.Instance().movement.x;
        detectDir.Set(detectDir.x,0,detectDir.z);
        detectDir = detectDir.normalized;
        if (Physics.SphereCast(this.transform.position + this.transform.up * 0.7f, detectSphereRadius, detectDir, out var hit, detectSphereDistance,1 << 6, QueryTriggerInteraction.Ignore))
        {
            //说明检测到了敌人
            currentEnemy = hit.collider.transform;
        }
    }

    private void OnDrawGizmos()
    {
        Gizmos.DrawWireSphere((this.transform.position + this.transform.up * 0.7f + detectDir * detectSphereDistance), detectSphereRadius);
    }

    #region 连招逻辑
    private bool CanAttack()
    {
        if (!canAttack) return false;
        if (animator.AnimationAtTag("Parry")) return false;
        if (animator.AnimationAtTag("Hit")) return false;
        return true;
    }

    private void ExcuteAttack()
    {
        if (!CanAttack()) return;
        if (GameInputManager.Instance().leftAttack)
        {
            currentIndex = comboIndex;
            currentCombo = baseCombo;
            animator.CrossFade(currentCombo.TryGetComboName(comboIndex), 0.15f);
            coldTime = currentCombo.TryGetColdTime(comboIndex);
            canAttack = false;
            TimerManager.Instance().TryGetOneTimer(coldTime, ResetCombo);
        }

        if(GameInputManager.Instance().RightAttack)
        {
            currentIndex = changeComboIndex;
            currentCombo = ChangeCombo;
            animator.CrossFade(currentCombo.TryGetComboName(currentIndex),0.1f);
            coldTime = currentCombo.TryGetColdTime(currentIndex);
            canAttack = false;
            TimerManager.Instance().TryGetOneTimer(coldTime, ResetHeavy);
        }
    }

    private void ResetCombo()
    {
        comboIndex++;
        changeComboIndex++;
        canAttack = true;
        coldTime = 0f;
        if(comboIndex == currentCombo.TryGetComboCount())
        {
            comboIndex = 0;
        }
        if(changeComboIndex == ChangeCombo.TryGetComboCount())
        {
            changeComboIndex = 1;
        }
    }

    private void ResetHeavy()
    {
        canAttack = true;
        coldTime = 0f;
        changeComboIndex = 0;
        comboIndex = 0;
        currentIndex = 0;
    }

    private void EndAttack()
    {
        if (animator.AnimationAtTag("Move") || animator.AnimationAtTag("Idle"))
        {
            comboIndex = 0;
            changeComboIndex = 0;
        }
    }
    #endregion
}

using System.Xml.Serialization;
using UnityEngine;

public abstract class CharacterHealthBase : MonoBehaviour
{
    protected Animator animator;
    protected Transform _currentAttacker;
    protected float enemy = 0;
    //角色受伤行为
    protected virtual void CharacterHitAction(float damage,string hitName, string parryName)
    {
        Debug.Log("我被调用了");
    }

    protected void TakeDamage(float damage)
    {

    }
    private void Awake()
    {
        animator = GetComponent<Animator>();
    }
    // 核心逻辑
    private void OnCharacterHitEventHandler(float damage,string hitName,string parryName,Transform attack,Transform self)
    {
        if (self != this.transform) return;
        SetAttacker(attack);
        CharacterHitAction(damage, hitName, parryName);
        TakeDamage(damage);
    }

    private void SetAttacker(Transform attacker)
    {
        if (_currentAttacker != attacker || _currentAttacker == null)
        {
            _currentAttacker = attacker;
        }
    }
    private void OnEnable()
    {
        GameEventManager.Instance().AddEventListening<float,string,string,Transform,Transform>("DamageTrigger", OnCharacterHitEventHandler);
    }

    private void OnDisable()
    {
        GameEventManager.Instance().RemoveEvent<float, string, string, Transform, Transform>("DamageTrigger", OnCharacterHitEventHandler);
    }
}

using UnityEngine;

public class EnemyHealthSystem : CharacterHealthBase
{ 
    // 核心逻辑
    protected override void CharacterHitAction(float damage, string hitName, string parryName)
    {
        Debug.Log("我被调用了");
        if (damage < 30 && enemy > 0)
        {
            animator.CrossFadeInFixedTime(parryName, 0.15f);
            enemy -= 20;
        }
        else
        {
            animator.CrossFadeInFixedTime(hitName, 0.15f);
        }

    }
}